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Porovnání množství vázaného uhlíku v nadzemní i podzemní biomase v různých typech využití půdy v okolí města Oxapampa, Peru
Chalupová, Karolína
The present work compares amount of sequestered carbon in different types of land use in the vicinity of Oxapampa in Peru. Research was conducted in the autumn of 2022 with focus on three main types of land use: coffee agroforestry plantations, montane tropical forests and silvopastoral systems. Data collection was carried out with Field-Map technology, where 47 study plots on 6 transects were compared. To estimate aboveground and belowground biomass allometric equations were used. The evaluation of soil carbon stocks was determined based on soil analysis using a Soli-TOC device (Elementar). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the amount of carbon bound in the biomass of agroforestry coffee plantations and forest ecosystems. Soil carbon stocks were highest in forest stands in the upper soil layers. At lower depths (20–30 cm) the difference between the studied ecosystems was no longer registered. Average soil carbon values (%) for coffee agroforestry systems and particular depths were as follows: H (7,6 ± 3,8); 0–10 (5,1 ± 1,8); 10–20 (3,8 ± 0,8); 20–30 (3,4 ± 0,7). For study plots in forest ecosystems: H (34,2 ± 12,1); 0–10 (22,4 ± 14,7); 10–20 (9,5 ± 6,2); 20–30 (7,3 ± 5,8). Soil carbon stocks values for silvopasture systems were: H (12,1 ± 4,7); 0–10 (7,3 ± 3,3); 10–20 (5,3 ± 2,3); 20–30 (3,7 ± 2,1).
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Kvalita života a urbanizace chudoby v Peru
Diatelová, Michaela
The thesis addresses the quality of life and urbanization of poverty in twenty-five regions of Peru and compares the situation in 2007 and 2017. The analysis includes Zipf's law, Gini index, beta and sigma convergence, composite indicator, and visualization of secondary data from the census and the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The Quality-of-Life Index consists of ten indicators according to income poverty, housing, education, fertility and citizenship. The results showed an uneven distribution of the population with urbanization around 79% in 2017. More than a third of the population lived in Lima and about a fifth in the regions of Piura, La Libertad, Arequipa and Cajamarca. About 79% of Peru's population still lived in their place of birth. Although the proportion of income poor has fallen, the Gini Index of urban income poverty has increased and still remained above 0.5. It pointed to growing inequality in income redistribution. Even if it is a middle-income country, over six million people lived in poverty in 2017, including one million in extreme conditions. The worst quality of life in cities was recorded in the tropical rainforests of Selva and in the mountain belt of Sierra. Between 2007 and 2017, the quality of life deteriorated in the regions of Pasco, Lima, Moquegua, Callao and Tacna. Gradually, the gap in quality of life between urban and rural areas is getting ever deeper.
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Hazard evaluation from GLOFs in the Cordillera Huayhuash
Baťka, Jan ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Šobr, Miroslav (referee)
Hazard evaluation from GLOFs in the Cordillera Huayhuash Abstract: Proglacial lakes in high-mountain regions recently experienced dynamic development related to the ongoing climatic changes. Most of the mountain ranges were widely studied with respect to hazards posed by proglacial lakes. However, the Peruvian Cordillera Huayhuash was omitted by any research of this type so far. In this thesis first, the author develops and assesses the inventory of glacial lakes in the Cordillera Huayhuash, and second, evaluates the hazard from GLOFs. After a thorough discussion and comparison to other world's major mountain ranges, significant conclusions are made. Most of the characteristics of the lakes in the Cordillera Huayhuash are influenced by a local factor - fluvial erosion that has occurred since the last glacial maximum. Nevertheless, general principles such as the statistical distribution of lakes according to their elevation that are valid to other compared regions may still be identified based on the data. Lakes of the Cordillera Huayhuash generally pose minor or even no GLOF hazard, the few exceptions were further analyzed in detail. Key words: geomorphology, GLOF, lake inventory, natural hazards, Peru
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Vnímání Číny ve vybraných zemích Latinské Ameriky
Demartini, Michaela
Demartini M. Perception of China in selected countries of Latin America: Bachelor Thesis. Brno: Mendel University. Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, 2017. Advisor: Mgr. Ing. Richard Turcsányi, Ph.D. The paper deals with the perception of China in selected Latin American countries. The theoretical part summarizes the development of Latin American relations with China on the history background and their current state. It also includes and explains the theoretical basis of work - Chinese foreign policy and soft-power concept. The next part describes methodology of selecting three countries based on political, economic and social factors. The practical part includes individual case studies of Nicaragua, Peru and Venezuela and its perception of China. The aim is to find out how the selected Latin American states perceive China and try to explain this finding by presenting facts that may support or shape such perceptions.
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Postavení žen v Peru -- případová studie Ayllu Ruwasunchis
Kolouchová, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis is focused on position of women in Peru. The thesis brings basic insights into the topics of gender equality, feminism and significance of women for the development of a society. Based on literature review and statistical data the thesis describes a role of women in Peru. The aim is also to introduce a community of women in Lima called Ayllu Ruwasunchis which was researched within technique of direct observation. This part is followed by suggestions covering the activities the community could take into consideration in order for it to keep developing. The discovered information confirms that the gender inequality is still present issue in Peruvian society, which is important to address at all decision-making levels.
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Pregnant in Lima: female body, social stratification and urban space
Přibyláková, Martina ; Brož, Luděk (advisor) ; Sokolová, Věra (referee) ; Hrešanová, Ema (referee)
How is the experience of pregnancy in a patriarchal society shaped by pregnant women's socioeconomic status? So far, qualitative studies have primarily focused on the effect of socioeconomic status in healthcare, and unintended conception in poor adolescents. Based on a 17-month comparative ethnography conducted in Lima, the hyper-stratified capital of Peru, this dissertation addresses experiences of women of different socioeconomic dispositions including conception, abortion, and (inter)personal lived pregnancy experience. The dissertation employs the concept of reproductive habitus to reflect on the differing classed and gendered dispositions in women of different socioeconomic statuses as an embodiment of institutions: the institution of patriarchy and healthcare institutions. The dissertation identifies status-related reproductive dispositions/differences in forming pregnancy experience in four areas: (i) in women's conception circumstances primarily in terms of pregnancy (non)intentionality, women's childbearing age span, relationship status (integrity), and male partner (non)abandonment (desertion). Socioeconomically differing conception circumstances produce psycho-physiologically different human subjects. (ii) Women's reproductive habitus is expressed in women's possibilities of safe...
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Attempts of Regulation of Coca Cultivation in Peru and Bolivia
Kšírová, Kristýna ; Soukup, Jaromír (advisor) ; Krausz Hladká, Malvína (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of coca cultivation regulation attempts in Peru and Bolivia. The main goal is to determine in which aspects are the two policies different and if one of the proposed models can be described as more effective. The author introduces the forming moments of anti-drug policy on the world scale, she continues by conceptualising coca as a plant traditionally used by indigenous population and also a substance that was classified as a narcotic substance by the UN. The author then proposes a comparative analysis of the following aspects: the UNODC data on coca cultivation, the characteristics of the areas of coca cultivation and the role of coca unions in each state. In the last section the historical evolution of anti-drug policies is also explored. The results suggest that the states differ in each of the studied areas. The author assumes the more effective model is the Bolivian policy of 'social control'.
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Analysis of tourism in the archaeological site of Machu Picchu
Břežná, Tereza ; Vilímek, Vít (advisor) ; Klimeš, Jan (referee)
This bachelor thesis is an overview of the analysis of tourism in the archaeological monument of Machu Picchu with a focus on overturism. Tourism is an ever-evolving sector that brings both positive and negative aspects to places, such as overturism, which is also on Machu Picchu. The work also presents a brief history of the object and life of the Incas and the basic physical and geographical setting of the place, including natural hazards. The main goal of this work is the analysis of tourism at Machu Picchu and its development in the period 1980-2019. The research is also focused on the analysis of attendance of tourists during the year in correlation with weather and air transport. Part of the analysis focuses on research of the number of tourists in acreage and the population of Machupicchu village. The aims of the work also deal with the regulatory mechanisms and comparison of Machu Picchu with other UNESCO monuments. The bachelor thesis uses methods of calculating the number of tourists divided by the area in m2 and the number of tourists divided by the population of Machupicchu. Machu Picchu is a heritage site that has been burdened by overtourism in a long period of time. Its attendance is rising sharply every year, in 2019 it was visited by over 1.5 million tourists from around the world....
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